UTP CABLE

Unshielded Twisted Pair cable, UTP cable is a popular type of cable used in computer networking that consists of two shielded wires twisted around each other.

STP CABLE

Shielded Twisted-Pair cable, STP is a type of cable originally developed by IBM for Token Ring that consists of two individual wires wrapped in a foil shielding to help provide a more reliable data communication

CROSSOVER CABLE

An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly where they would normally be connected via a network switch, hub or router, such as directly connecting two personal computers via their network adapters.

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

optical fibre (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fibre that carries light along its length. Fibre optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibres. Optical fibres are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communications. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss, and they are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so they can be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in tight spaces. Specially designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, including sensors and fiber lasers.

COAXIAL CABLE

As a common example, has a wire conductor in the centre (D) a circumferential outer conductor (B) and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separating these two conductors. The outer conductor is usually sheathed in a protective PVC outer jacket (A).

Plenum cable is cable that is laid in the plenum spaces of buildings. The plenum (pronounced /ˈplɛnəm/) is the space that can facilitate air circulation for heating and air conditioning systems, by providing pathways for either heated/conditioned or return airflows.

A patch cable or patch cord (sometimes patchcable or patchcord) is an electrical or optical cable, used to connect ("patch-in") one electronic or optical device to another for signal routing. Devices of different types (ie: a switch connected to a computer, or switch to router) are connected with patch cords. Patch cords are usually produced in many different colors so as to be easily distinguishable, and are relatively short, perhaps no longer than two metres.

Used in the audio recording and sound reinforcement fields, an audio multicore cable (most commonly known as a snake cable or just a snake) is a compact cable, typically about the diameter of a coin, which contains from 4 to 56 individual shielded pair microphone cables all housed by one rugged, heavy-duty common outer jacket. Each end of the multicore cable terminates in a "tail", which contains either a patchbay for female XLR or 1/4" jacks or male plugs.

Electric power transmission or "high voltage electric transmission" is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating plants (historically hydroelectric, nuclear or coal fired but now also wind, solar, geothermal and other forms of renewable energy) to substations located near to population centers. This is distinct from the local wiring between high voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electricity distribution.

Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors (the forward and return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.

Examples of networking devices and function,post atleast 10 w/ pictures

bridges

Bridging is a forwarding technique used in packet-switched computer networks. Unlike routing, bridging makes no assumptions about where in a network a particular address is located. Instead, it depends on flooding and examination of source addresses in received packet headers to locate unknown devices. Once a device has been located, its location is recorded in a table where the MAC address is stored so as to preclude the need for further broadcasting. The utility of bridging is limited by its dependence on flooding, and is thus only used in local area networks.

hub

A network hub or repeater hub is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.

switch

network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments.
The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.

router

Is an electronic device used to connect two or more computers or other electronic devices to each other, and usually to the Internet, by wire or radio signals. This allows several computers to communicate with each other and to the Internet at the same time. If wires are used, each computer is connected by its own wire to the router. Modern wired-only routers designed for the home or small business typically have one "input" port (to the Internet) and four "output" ports, one or more of which can be connected to other computers. A typical modern home wireless router, in addition to having four wired ports, also allows several devices to connect with it wirelessly. Most modern personal computers are built with a wired port (almost always an Ethernet type), which allows them to connect to a router with the addition of just a cable (typically a Category 5e type). To connect with a wireless router, a device must have an adapter. This is sometimes, but not always, included with the computer at manufacture. Some electronic games, including handheld electronic games, have an adapter built-in, or one can be added later.

firewall

A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all (in and out) computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria.

multilayer switch

A multilayer switch (MLS) is a computer networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers.

digital media receiver

A digital media receiver (DMR) or digital media adapter (DMA) is a home entertainment device that can connect to a home network to retrieve digital media files (such as music, pictures, or video) from a personal computer or other media server and play them back on a home theater system or TV. The DLNA organisation refers to these devices as digital media renderers (DMR).

network interface card

A network interface card, network adapter, network interface controller (NIC), or LAN adapter is a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It is both an OSI layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer) device, as it provides physical access to a networking medium and provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly.

Network Repeater
A repeater connects two segments of your network cable. It retimes and regenerates the signals to proper amplitudes and sends them to the other segments. When talking about, ethernet topology, you are probably talking about using a hub as a repeater. Repeaters require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. This can cause a propagation delay which can affect network communication when there are several repeaters in a row. Many network architectures limit the number of repeaters that can be used in a row. Repeaters work only at the physical layer of the OSI network model

Gateway
A gateway can translate information between different network data formats or network architectures. It can translate TCP/IP to AppleTalk so computers supporting TCP/IP can communicate with Apple brand computers. Most gateways operate at the application layer, but can operate at the network or session layer of the OSI model. Gateways will start at the lower level and strip information until it gets to the required level and repackage the information and work its way back toward the hardware layer of the OSI model. To confuse issues, when talking about a router that is used to interface to another network, the word gateway is often used. This does not mean the routing machine is a gateway as defined here, although it could be.

6. Examples of networking, post atleast 5 pictures.

1. PAN-personal area network

Is composed of up to 8 active devices in a master-slave relationship (a very large number of devices can be connected in "parked" mode). The first Bluetooth device in the piconet is the master, and all other devices are slaves that communicate with the master. A piconet typically has a range of 10 meters, although ranges of up to 100 meters can be reached under ideal circumstances.

2. Storage Area Network

connects servers to data storage devices through a technology like Fibre Channel.

3. Campus Area Network

a network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus.

4. System Area Network

links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration. Also known as Cluster Area Network.


5. Metropolitan Area Network

a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned an operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation.

What is networking

Networking is a common synonym for developing and maintaining contacts and personal connections with a variety of people who might be helpful to you and your career. It is an especially important aspect of career management in the financial services industry, since it is helps you keep abreast of:

• Career opportunities in your own firm
  
• Career opportunities in other firms
  
• Industry trends

Examples of OSI layer, their definition in order

1) Layer 7:Application Layer

• 
  
  Defines interface to user processes for communication and data transfer in network
  Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations

Layer 6:Presentation Layer

• 
  
  Masks the differences of data formats between dissimilar systems
  Specifies architecture-independent data transfer format
  Encodes and decodes data; Encrypts and decrypts data; Compresses and decompresses data

Layer 5:Session Layer

• 
  
  Manages user sessions and dialogues
  Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users
  Reports upper layer errors

Layer 4:Transport Layer

• Manages end-to-end message delivery in network
  Provides reliable and sequential packet delivery through error recovery and flow control mechanisms
  Provides connectionless oriented packet delivery

Layer 3:Network Layer

• Determines how data are transferred between network devices
  Routes packets according to unique network device addresses
  Provides flow and congestion control to prevent network resource depletion

Layer 2:Data Link Layer

• Defines procedures for operating the communication links
  Frames packets
  Detects and corrects packets transmit errors

Layer 1:Physical Layer

• Defines physical means of sending data over network devices
  Interfaces between network medium and devices
  Defines optical, electrical and mechanical characteristics

What is OSI layer

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a standard description or "reference model" for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunication network. Its purpose is to guide product implementors so that their products will consistently work with other products. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that take place at each end of a communication. Although OSI is not always strictly adhered to in terms of keeping related functions together in a well-defined layer, many if not most products involved in telecommunication make an attempt to describe themselves in relation to the OSI model. It is also valuable as a single reference view of communication that furnishes everyone a common ground for education and discussion

Examples of Network Topology, their definition, then post picture

Star TopologyMany home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.
Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computer's network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)

Mesh TopologyMesh topologies involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. (Recall that even in a ring, although two cable paths exist, messages can only travel in one direction.) Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing

Tree TopologyTree topologies integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In its simplest form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions as the "root" of a tree of devices. This bus/star hybrid approach supports future expandability of the network much better than a bus (limited in the number of devices due to the broadcast traffic it generates) or a star (limited by the number of hub connection points) alone.

Ring TopologyIn a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.
To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or Token Ring technology. Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.

Bus TopologyBus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a computer) use a common backbone to connect all devices. A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices attach or tap into with an interface connector. A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message.

What is networking topology

In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices. This article introduces the standard topologies of networking.
Topology in Network DesignThink of a topology as a network's virtual shape or structure. This shape does not necessarily correspond to the actual physical layout of the devices on the network. For example, the computers on a home LAN may be arranged in a circle in a family room, but it would be highly unlikely to find a ring topology there.